TcSERPIN, an inhibitor that interacts with cocoa defense proteins and has biotechnological potential against human pathogens.

In plants, serpins are a superfamily of serine and cysteine protease inhibitors involved in stress and defense mechanisms, with potential for controlling agricultural pests, making them important biotechnological tools. The objective of this study was to characterize a serpin from Theobroma cacao, called TcSERPIN, to identify its endogenous targets and determine its function and biotechnological potential. TcSERPIN has 390 amino acid residues and shows conservation of the main active site, RCL. Cis-elements related to light, stress, hormones, anaerobic induction, cell cycle regulation and defense have been identified in the gene's regulatory region. TcSERPIN transcripts are accumulated in different tissues of Theobroma cacao. Furthermore, in plants infected with Moniliophtora perniciosa and Phytophthora palmivora, the expression of TcSERPIN was positively regulated. The protein spectrum, rTcSERPIN, reveals a typical ß-sheet pattern and is thermostable at pH 8, but loses its structure with temperature increases above 66°C at pH 7. At the molar ratios of 0.65 and 0.49, rTcSERPIN inhibited 55 and 28% of the activity of papain from Carica papaya and trypsin from Sus scrofa, respectively. The protease trap containing immobilized rTcSERPIN captured endogenous defense proteins from cocoa extracts that are related to metabolic pathways, stress and defense. The evaluation of the biotechnological potential against geohelminth larvae showed that rTcSERPIN and rTcCYS4 (Theobroma cacao cystatin 4) reduced the movement of larvae after 24 hours. The results of this work show that TcSERPIN has ideal biochemical characteristics for biotechnological applications, as well as potential for studies of resistance to phytopathogens of agricultural crops.

The selenium-independent phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase from Theobroma cacao (TcPHGPX) protects plant cells against damages and cell death.

Proteins from the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family, such as GPX4 or PHGPX in animals, are extensively studied for their antioxidant functions and apoptosis inhibition. GPXs can be selenium-independent or selenium-dependent, with selenium acting as a potential cofactor for GPX activity. However, the relationship of plant GPXs to these functions remains unclear. Recent research indicated an upregulation of Theobroma cacao phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene (TcPHGPX) expression during early witches' broom disease stages, suggesting the use of antioxidant mechanisms as a plant defense strategy to reduce disease progression. Witches' broom disease, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, induces cell death through elicitors like MpNEP2 in advanced infection stages. In this context, in silico and in vitro analyses of TcPHGPX's physicochemical and functional characteristics may elucidate its antioxidant potential and effects against cell death, enhancing understanding of plant GPXs and informing strategies to control witches' broom disease. Results indicated TcPHGPX interaction with selenium compounds, mainly sodium selenite, but without improving the protein function. Protein-protein interaction network suggested cacao GPXs association with glutathione and thioredoxin metabolism, engaging in pathways like signaling, peroxide detection for ABA pathway components, and anthocyanin transport. Tests on tobacco cells revealed that TcPHGPX reduced cell death, associated with decreased membrane damage and H2O2 production induced by MpNEP2. This study is the first functional analysis of TcPHGPX, contributing to knowledge about plant GPXs and supporting studies for witches' broom disease control.

DEPRESSIVE AND EATING DISORDERS IN PATIENTS POST-BARIATRIC SURGERY WITH WEIGHT REGAIN: A DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

BACKGROUND: Although bariatric surgery is today's gold standard treatment for obesity, weight regain affects the success rate of the procedure. Recent studies have identified psychiatric and neurological factors as possible causes. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of psychiatric diseases on the outcome and long-term success of bariatric surgeries and find a weight regain threshold that has an acceptable sensibility to mental health-related issues to be used in research and clinical studies. METHODS: This is a observational study of bariatric patients submitted to Roux-en-Y bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, with a postoperative time of 2-10 years to access weight regain, depression, and binge-eating disorder. RESULTS: Of 217 patients studied, 163 were women and 54 were men, with an average postoperative time of 5.2±2.6 years. Weight regain was experienced in 35% of the patients, binge-eating disorder in 24.9%, and depression in 24%. The greater weight before surgery, body mass index (BMI), percentage increase to maximum weight loss, and time postoperatively all have a significant positive correlation with weight regain (p=0.045, p=0.026, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). A significant association between binge-eating disorder, depression, and anxiety with weight regain (p=0.004, p=0.008, and p=0.001, respectively) was found. CONCLUSIONS: The significant weight regain rates with significant impact on psychiatric disorders highlight the need for continuous postoperative monitoring focused on the psychiatric aspects of obesity to aid surgeries' long-term success.

Depressive and eating disorders in patients post-bariatric surgery with weight regain: a descriptive observational study / Transtorno depressivo e alimentar em pacientes pós-bariátricos cirurgia bariátrica com reganho de peso: um estudo observacional descritivo

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although bariatric surgery is today's gold standard treatment for obesity, weight regain affects the success rate of the procedure. Recent studies have identified psychiatric and neurological factors as possible causes. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of psychiatric diseases on the outcome and long-term success of bariatric surgeries and find a weight regain threshold that has an acceptable sensibility to mental health-related issues to be used in research and clinical studies. METHODS: This is a observational study of bariatric patients submitted to Roux-en-Y bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, with a postoperative time of 2-10 years to access weight regain, depression, and binge-eating disorder. RESULTS: Of 217 patients studied, 163 were women and 54 were men, with an average postoperative time of 5.2±2.6 years. Weight regain was experienced in 35% of the patients, binge-eating disorder in 24.9%, and depression in 24%. The greater weight before surgery, body mass index (BMI), percentage increase to maximum weight loss, and time postoperatively all have a significant positive correlation with weight regain (p=0.045, p=0.026, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). A significant association between binge-eating disorder, depression, and anxiety with weight regain (p=0.004, p=0.008, and p=0.001, respectively) was found. CONCLUSIONS: The significant weight regain rates with significant impact on psychiatric disorders highlight the need for continuous postoperative monitoring focused on the psychiatric aspects of obesity to aid surgeries' long-term success.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Embora a cirurgia bariátrica atualmente é considerada o tratamento padrão ouro para a obesidade, o reganho de peso afeta a taxa de sucesso do procedimento. Estudos recentes identificaram fatores psiquiátricos e neurológicos como possíveis causas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a influência de transtornos psiquiátricos no resultado a longo prazo das cirurgias bariátricas; testar a sensibilidade e correlação das fórmulas de reganho de peso e de seus respectivos pontos de corte para questões relacionadas à saúde mental. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de pacientes pós bariátricos submetidos à by-pass em Y de Roux ou gastrectomia vertical com pós-operatório de 2 a10 anos avaliados quanto a reganho de peso, depressão e transtorno da compulsão alimentar. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 217 pacientes, 163 mulheres e 54 homens com pós-operatório de 5,2±2,6 anos. O reganho de peso foi registrado em 35% dos pacientes, o transtorno da compulsão alimentar (TCA) foi encontrado em 24,9% e depressão em 24%. O ganho de peso pré-operatório, o índice de massa corporea (IMC), o aumento percentual para perda máxima de peso e tempo de pós-operatório, apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com o reganho de peso (p=0,045), (p=0,026), (<0,001), (<0,001). Foi encontrada associação significativa entre TCA, depressão e ansiedade com reganho de peso (p=0,004), (p=0,008) e (p=0,001). CONCLUSÕES: As taxas significativas de reganho de peso associado ao impacto dos transtornos psiquiátricos reforçam a necessidade de acompanhamento pós-operatório contínuo focado nos aspectos psiquiátricos da obesidade, para sucesso do tratamento cirúrgico em longo prazo.

Condições sociais de crianças e adolescentes que sofreram violência sexual: percepções da equipe multiprofissional / Condiciones sociales de niños y adolescentes víctimas de violencia sexual: percepciones del equipo multiprofesional / Social conditions of sexually abused children and adolescents: Perceptions by a multiprofessional team

Objetivo: descrever as condições sociais de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual na percepção da equipe multiprofissional de saúde. Materiais e método: estudo qualitativo realizado em 2019, com 30 membros da equipe multiprofissional de um hospital público localizado na Bahia, Brasil. As entrevistas foram interpretadas e analisadas de acordo com Bardin e categorizadas conforme marcadores de vulnerabilidade, à luz do interacionismo simbólico. Resultados: as profissionais atenderam crianças e adolescentes de 0 a 17 anos com relatos de vivência de violência sexual. As vítimas eram de ambos os gêneros, porém a maioria dos casos remete a crianças ou adolescentes do sexo feminino e afrodescendentes. Quanto à origem socioeconômica, na percepção das profissionais, as vítimas estavam submersas na pobreza e eram advindas de localidades periféricas. Conclusões: as interações entre profissionais e crianças ou adolescentes durante o atendimento embasaram as percepções das condições sociais das vítimas. A percepção é relevante, visto que serve para orientar cuidados como o acolhimento, tratamento e acompanhamento das vítimas e seus familiares.

Objetivo: describir las condiciones sociales de niños y adolescentes víctimas de violencia sexual desde la percepción de un equipo multiprofesional en salud. Materiales y método: estudio cualitativo realizado en 2019 con 30 integrantes del equipo multidisciplinario en salud de un hospital público ubicado en Bahía, Brasil. Las entrevistas fueron interpretadas y analizadas de acuerdo con los postulados de Bardin y categorizadas según marcadores de vulnerabilidad, a la luz del interaccionismo simbólico. Resultados: el equipo de profesionales atendió a niños y adolescentes de 0 a 17 años con relatos de experiencias de violencia sexual. Las víctimas eran de ambos sexos, aunque la mayoría de los casos se presentaron en menores de sexo femenino y afrodescendientes. En cuanto al origen socioeconómico, de acuerdo con la percepción de los profesionales, las víctimas estaban inmersas en condiciones de pobreza y provenían de localidades periféricas. Conclusiones: las interacciones entre profesionales y niños/adolescentes durante las jornadas de cuidado proporcionaron la línea base para establecer las percepciones en torno a las condiciones sociales de las víctimas. Estas percepciones son relevantes, puesto que permiten orientar cuidados como la recepción, el tratamiento y el acompañamiento a las víctimas y sus familiares.

Objective: To describe the social conditions of children and teenagers who were victims of sexual violence based on the perceptions of a multiprofessional health team. Materials and methods: Qualitative study conducted in 2019 with 30 members of the multidisciplinary team at a public hospital in Bahia, Brazil. The interviews were interpreted and analyzed according to Bardin and categorized using vulnerability markers, in the light of the symbolic interactionism approach. Results: The professionals treated children and teenagers aged 0 to 17 years with reports of experiencing sexual violence. Although victims were of both genders, most cases referred to female Afro-descendant infants. As for the socioeconomic profile of victims, from the perception of professionals, these were submerged in poverty and came from peripherical locations. Conclusions: Interactions between professionals and children and teenagers during treatment supported the perceptions about the victims and their social conditions. These perceptions are relevant since they allow guiding care actions such as the reception, treatment and monitoring of victims and their families.

Prevalence of trigeminocervical convergence mechanisms in episodic and chronic migraine / Prevalência de mecanismos de convergência trigeminocervical na migrânea episódica e crônica

Abstract Background: Migraine pain location and trigeminocervical convergence have limited diagnostic value and have usually been assessed using non-standard verbal descriptors in a small number of centers. Objective: To use non-verbal descriptors of migraine pain location to determine the prevalence of trigeminocervical convergence mechanisms in patients with episodic and chronic migraine. In addition, we explored the factors associated with the presence of convergence. Methods: A multicenter study was carried out. The explicit pain location was explored by asking subjects to indicate, on an electronic form, three points on the anterolateral side and three points on the posterolateral side of the head and neck that represented the common locations of their migraine pain. We evaluated associations of the pain pattern with demographic and psychological features, comorbidities, lifestyle and other headache characteristics. Results: 97 episodic and 113 chronic migraine patients were included. Convergence was present in 116 migraineurs (55%) who indicated dominance of pain in the posterior cervical region. This site was more often involved in the chronic migraine group (21 vs. 33%; p=0.034). The number of migrainous/altered sensitivity symptoms (OR=1.39; 95%CI 1.14-1.71) was associated with convergence independently of the chronification status. In this symptom group, there were statistical associations between convergence and vomiting (p=0.045), tactile allodynia (p<0.001), nuchal rigidity (p<0.001) and movement allodynia (p=0.031). Conclusions: Trigeminocervical convergence is common in migraineurs and, in practice, it might be found frequently in chronic migraineurs. Some features commonly found in this group, such as altered sensitivity symptoms, are associated with this phenomenon.

RESUMO Antecedentes: A localização da dor da migrânea e a convergência trigeminocervical têm valor diagnóstico limitado geralmente sendo avaliadas por meio de descritores verbais não padronizados em um pequeno número de centros. Objetivo: Usar descritores não verbais da localização da dor migranosa para determinar a prevalência de mecanismos de convergência trigeminocervical em pacientes com migrânea episódica e crônica. Além disso, exploramos os fatores associados à presença de convergência. Métodos: Um estudo multicêntrico foi realizado. A localização explícita da dor foi explorada solicitando aos migranosos que indicassem, em um formulário eletrônico, três pontos no lado anterolateral e três pontos no lado posterolateral da cabeça e pescoço representando a localização comum de sua dor migranosa. Avaliamos a associação do padrão de dor com características demográficas e psicológicas, comorbidades, estilo de vida e outras características da cefaleia. Resultados: 97 pacientes com migrânea episódica e 113 com migrânea crônica foram incluídos. A convergência esteve presente em 116 migranosos (55%) que indicaram um predomínio da dor na região cervical posterior. Este local estava mais frequentemente envolvido no grupo migrânea crônica (21 vs. 33%; p=0,034). O número de sintomas de migrânea/sensibilidade alterada (OR=1,39; IC95% 1,14-1,71) foi associado à convergência independentemente do estado de cronificação. Nesse grupo de sintomas, houve associações entre convergência e vômito (p=0,045), alodinia tátil (p<0,001), rigidez de nuca (p<0,001) e alodinia ao movimento (p=0,0031). Conclusões: A convergência trigeminocervical é comum em pacientes com migrânea e, na prática, podemos encontrá-la com frequência em pacientes com migrânea crônica. Algumas características comumente encontradas nesse grupo, como sintomas de sensibilidade alterada, estão associadas a esse fenômeno.

Global RNAseq of ocular cells reveals gene dysregulation in both asymptomatic and with Congenital Zika Syndrome infants exposed prenatally to Zika virus.

In 2015, Brazil reported an outbreak identified as Zika virus (ZIKV) infection associated with congenital abnormalities. To date, a total of 86 countries and territories have described evidence of Zika infection and recently the appearance of the African ZIKV lineage in Brazil highlights the risk of a new epidemic. The spectrum of ZIKV infection-induced alterations at both cellular and molecular levels is not completely elucidated. Here, we present for the first time the gene expression responses associated with prenatal ZIKV infection from ocular cells. We applied a recently developed non-invasive method (impression cytology) which use eye cells as a model for ZIKV studies. The ocular profiling revealed significant differences between exposed and control groups, as well as a different pattern in ocular transcripts from Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) compared to ZIKV-exposed but asymptomatic infants. Our data showed pathways related to mismatch repair, cancer, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and genes probably causative or protective in the modulation of ZIKV infection. Ocular cells revealed the effects of ZIKV infection on primordial neuronal cell genes, evidenced by changes in genes associated with embryonic cells. The changes in gene expression support an association with the gestational period of the infection and provide evidence for the resulting clinical and ophthalmological pathologies. Additionally, the findings of cell death- and cancer-associated deregulated genes raise concerns about the early onset of other potential pathologies including the need for tumor surveillance. Our results thus provide direct evidence that infants exposed prenatally to the Zika virus, not only with CZS but also without clinical signs (asymptomatic) express cellular and molecular changes with potential clinical implications.

Sintomas de depressão pós-parto e sua associação com as características socieconômicas e de apoio social / Síntomas de la depresión posparto y su asociación con características socioeconómicas y de apoyo social / Postpartum depression symptoms and association with socieconomic and social support characteristics

Resumo Objetivo verificar a prevalência de sintomas de depressão pós-parto em puérperas atendidas em uma maternidade pública e sua associação com características socioeconômicas e de apoio social. Método estudo epidemiológico, analítico, do tipo transversal, em uma maternidade pública conduzido de agosto a outubro de 2017. A amostra de 330 puérperas foi entrevistada por meio da aplicação de um formulário, para mensuração da presença de sintomas de depressão pós-parto. Foi utilizada a escala de depressão pós-natal de Edimburgo. Já para mensuração do apoio social, foi utilizado o instrumento Medical Outcomes Study. A medida de associação adotada foi a razão de prevalência (RP) com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), e aplicada a regressão de Poisson ajustada. Resultados a prevalência de sintomas de DPP foi de 29,7%. A idade entre 14 e 24 anos (PR:1,60; 95%CI: 1,10-2,34), ter até 8 anos de escolaridade (RP:1,39; IC95%:1,01-2,14) e o baixo nível de suporte social afetivo (RP:1,52; IC95%:1,07-2,14) e emocional (RP:2,12; IC95%:1,41-3,19) estiveram associados à maior prevalência de sintomas de DPP. Conclusão e implicações para a prática nesse contexto, os profissionais de saúde podem possuir um papel essencial no qual podem desenvolver, em conjunto, um plano de cuidados de acordo com as necessidades da mulher em período gravídico-puerperal.

Resumen Objetivo verificar la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión posparto en mujeres posparto atendidas en una maternidad pública y su asociación con características socioeconómicas y de apoyo social. Método estudio analítico transversal en una maternidad pública realizada entre agosto y octubre de 2017. La muestra de 330 puérperas fue entrevistada mediante la aplicación de un formulario, para medir la presencia de síntomas de depresión postparto. Se utilizó la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo. Para medir el apoyo social se utilizó el instrumento Medical Outcomes Study. La medida de asociación adoptada fue la razón de prevalencia (RP) con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC del 95%) y se aplicó la regresión de Poisson ajustada. Resultados la prevalencia de síntomas de DPP fue de 29,7%. Edad entre 14 y 24 años (PR:1,60; 95%CI: 1,10-2,34), tener hasta 8 años de escolaridad (RP: 1,39; IC 95%: 1,01 - 2,14) y el bajo nivel de apoyo social afectivo (RP: 1,52; IC del 95%: 1,07 - 2,14) y emocional (RP: 2,12; IC del 95%: 1,41-3,19) se asociaron con una mayor prevalencia de síntomas de PPD. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica en este contexto, los profesionales de la salud pueden jugar un papel fundamental en el que puedan desarrollar conjuntamente un plan de cuidados acorde a las necesidades de la mujer en el período gestacional-puerperal.

Abstract Objective to verify the prevalence of postpartum depression symptoms in postpartum women assisted at a public maternity hospital and its association with socioeconomic and social support characteristics. Method this is an epidemiological, analytical, cross-sectional study in a public maternity hospital conducted from August to October 2017. A sample of 330 postpartum women was interviewed using a form to measure the presence postpartum depression symptoms. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used. To measure social support, the Medical Outcomes Study instrument was used. The measure of association adopted was the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and adjusted Poisson regression was applied. Results the prevalence of PPD symptoms was 29.7%. Age between 14 and 24 years (PR:1.60; 95%CI: 1.10-2.34), have up to 8 years of education (PR:1.39; 95%CI: 1.01-2.14) and the low level of affective (PR:1.52; 95%CI: 1.07-2.14) and emotional (PR:2.12; 95%CI: 1.41-3.19) social support were associated with higher prevalence of PPD symptoms. Conclusion and implications for practice in this context, health professionals can play an essential role in which they can jointly develop a care plan according to the needs of women in the pregnancy-puerperal period.

Comunicação de eventos adversos e trabalho interprofissional em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: entre o ideal e o (não) realizado / Communicating adverse events and interprofessional collaboration in an intensive care unit: between the ideal and (non)practice / Comunicación de eventos adversos y trabajo interprofesional en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: entre lo ideal y lo (no) realizado

Objetivou-se conhecer a comunicação interprofissional e a notificação de eventos adversos como estratégia de promoção do cuidado e da Segurança do Paciente na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Tomou-se como método um estudo descritivo-qualitativo realizado com 31 profissionais da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto, por meio de entrevista de caráter individual com posterior análise de conteúdo. Emergiram duas macrocategorias temáticas: a) Trabalho interprofissional e potencialidades para concretizar a comunicação e b) Entraves, impedimentos e fragilidades, abordando conjuntamente a perspectiva do trabalho interprofissional, estratégias para efetivá-lo, fragilidades nas notificações, medos e desconhecimento. Considera-se que os profissionais demonstram que a comunicação é importante para a notificação de eventos adversos interprofissionalmente, porém necessitam se unificar, entre eles e com gestores, a fim de construir uma cultura de segurança e mitigar medos e desconhecimento sobre o procedimento e seus facilitadores.(AU)

The aim of this study was to investigate interprofessional communication and reporting adverse events as a patient care and safety strategy in an intensive care unit. We conducted a qualitative descriptive with 31 health professionals working in an adult intensive care unit using individual interviews. The data was analyzed using content analysis, resulting in two core thematic categories: a) Interprofessional collaboration and communication potential; b) Barriers, impediments and weaknesses, encompassing views of interprofessional collaboration, strategies for putting collaboration into practice, reporting weaknesses, fear, and lack of knowledge. The professionals demonstrated that communication is important for interprofessional reporting of adverse events; however, they need to unite with each other and managers to build a culture of safety and mitigate fears and lack of knowledge of procedures and facilitators.(AU)

El objetivo fue conocer la comunicación interprofesional y la notificación de Eventos Adversos como estrategia de promoción del cuidado y seguridad del paciente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Como método se utilizó un estudio descriptivo-cualitativo realizado con 31 profesionales de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Adulto por medio de una entrevista de carácter individual con posterior análisis de contenido. Surgieron dos macrocategorías temáticas: a) Trabajo interprofesional y potencialidades para concretar la comunicación y b) Obstáculos, impedimentos y fragilidades, abordando conjuntamente la perspectiva del trabajo interprofesional, estrategias para efectivarlo, fragilidades en las notificaciones, miedos y desconocimiento. Se considera que los profesionales demuestran que la comunicación es importante para la notificación de eventos adversos interprofesionalmente, pero necesitan unificarse entre sí y con los gestores con la finalidad de construir una cultura de seguridad y mitigar miedos y desconocimiento sobre el procedimiento y sus facilitadores.(AU)

ARE OBESITY AND ADENOMA DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED AS COLORECTAL CANCER PRECURSORS?

BACKGROUND: One of the most important concerns on health is the increased rates of obesity in population and the speed in which this number is increasing. This number translates a serious public health problem, since it also increases the risk of several other diseases associated with obesity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Among them, it seems to be connected to several neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma. AIM: To evaluate the impact of obesity as a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma through the detection of adenoma, and to discuss the mechanisms that could establish a link between obesity and neoplasm. METHODS: Patients who underwent colonoscopy were included. Personal and anthropometric data, clinical history, and results of the tests were analyzed in order to verify the correlation of BMI and the presence of adenomatous polyps. RESULTS: A total of 142 patients were studied, which a mean age of 62 years. Of the patients, 74 (52.1%) were men and 68 (47.9%) were. Obesity was identified in 16.2% of the patients. Polyps were found in 61 (42.9%), mostly smaller than 1 cm. Obese individuals were 1.56 times more likely to present colorectal adenoma than patients with normal weight. CONCLUSION: This study, although showing the greater presence of colorectal adenomas in obese individuals, did not show a significant difference in the occurrence of pre-malignant lesions.

Nonsyndromic Oral Cleft in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Multiple studies have demonstrated an association between cancer and nonsyndromic oral clefts in different populations. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of nonsyndromic oral clefts in families of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 50) and controls (n = 125). The parents of the patients answered a questionnaire with basic demographic information and family history of nonsyndromic oral clefts in first-degree relatives. Statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher's exact test. In the ALL group, 22 (44%) were male and 28 (56%) were female, and the average age was 13.2 ± 12.2 years. In the control group, 64 (51.2%) were male and 65 were female and the average age was 11.3 ± 10.3 years. Two out of 50 patients (4%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had a positive history of nonsyndromic oral clefts, whereas there were no reported occurrences of nonsyndromic oral clefts in the control group (OR: 12.94, 95% CI: 0.61-274.6, p = 0.08). Despite the limited population, the frequency of nonsyndromic oral clefts was increased in the first-degree relatives of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Studies with larger samples and molecular analyses are needed to better understand the possible etiological relationship between cancer and nonsyndromic oral clefts.

Are obesity and adenoma development associated as colorectal cancer precursors? / Obesidade e desenvolvimento de adenoma estão associados como precursores do câncer colorretal?

ABSTRACT Background: One of the most important concerns on health is the increased rates of obesity in population and the speed in which this number is increasing. This number translates a serious public health problem, since it also increases the risk of several other diseases associated with obesity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Among them, it seems to be connected to several neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma. Aim: To evaluate the impact of obesity as a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma through the detection of adenoma, and to discuss the mechanisms that could establish a link between obesity and neoplasm. Methods: Patients who underwent colonoscopy were included. Personal and anthropometric data, clinical history, and results of the tests were analyzed in order to verify the correlation of BMI and the presence of adenomatous polyps. Results: A total of 142 patients were studied, which a mean age of 62 years. Of the patients, 74 (52.1%) were men and 68 (47.9%) were. Obesity was identified in 16.2% of the patients. Polyps were found in 61 (42.9%), mostly smaller than 1 cm. Obese individuals were 1.56 times more likely to present colorectal adenoma than patients with normal weight. Conclusion: This study, although showing the greater presence of colorectal adenomas in obese individuals, did not show a significant difference in the occurrence of pre-malignant lesions.

RESUMO Racional: Uma das grandes preocupações no âmbito da saúde é o crescente índice de obesidade na população e a velocidade com que esse número vem aumentando. Ele constitui grave problema de saúde pública, uma vez que aumenta também o risco de inúmeras doenças associadas à obesidade e que resultam em morbimortalidade significativa, como o câncer colorretal. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da obesidade como fator de risco para câncer colorretal, através da detecção de adenomas colorretais, e discutir os mecanismos que podem estabelecer uma ligação entre esta neoplasia e a obesidade. Métodos: Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia. Dados pessoais e antropométricos, antecedentes clínicos e laudos dos exames foram analisados, a fim de verificar a correlação do IMC e a presença de pólipos adenomatosos. Resultados: Foram estudados 142 pacientes, 74 (52,1%) homens e 68 (47,9%) mulheres, com média de 62 anos. A obesidade foi identificada em 16,2% dos pacientes. Pólipos foram encontrados em 61 (42,9%), sendo em sua maioria menores do que 1 cm. Obesos tiveram probabilidade 1,56 vez maior de apresentar adenoma colorretal que pacientes com peso normal. Conclusão: Este estudo, apesar de mostrar a maior presença de adenomas colorretais em indivíduos obesos, não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa na ocorrência de lesões pré-malignas.

In vitro attenuation of classic metastatic melanoma­related features by highly diluted natural complexes: Molecular and functional analyses.

Metastasis is responsible for the majority of deaths among patients with malignant melanoma. Despite recent advances, the majority of current and modern therapies are ineffective and/or financially unfeasible. Thus, in this study, we investigated two low­cost highly­diluted natural complexes (HDNCs) that have been shown to be effective against malignant melanoma in a murine model in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms through which these HDNCs directly affect melanoma cells, either alone or in an artificial tumor microenvironment, suppressing the metastatic phenotype, thus explaining previous in vivo effects. For this purpose, HDNC in vitro treatments of B16­F10 melanoma cells, alone or in co­culture with Balb/3T3 fibroblasts, were carried out. Molecular biology techniques and standard functional assays were used to assess the changes in molecule expression and in cell behaviors related to the metastatic phenotype. Melanoma progression features were found to be regulated by HDNCs. Molecules related to cell adhesion (N­cadherin, ß1­integrin and CD44), and migration, extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis were modulated. The cell migratory, invasive and clonogenic capacities were reduced by the HDNCs. No loss of cell proliferation or viability were observed. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that HDNCs directly reprogram, molecularly and functionally, melanoma cells in vitro, modulating their metastatic phenotype. Such findings are likely to be responsible for the attenuation of tumor growth and lung colonization previously observed in vivo.

Profile and scientific output of researchers recipients of CNPq productivity grant in the field of medicine

SUMMARY BACKGROUND. This study aimed to evaluate the scientific production of researchers in the field of Medicine who receive a productivity grant from the CNPq. METHODS: The curriculum Lattes of 542 researchers with active grants from 2012 to 2014 were included in the analysis. Grants categories/levels were stratified into three groups according to the CNPq database (1A-B, 1C-D, and 2). RESULTS. There was a predominance of grants in category 2. During their academic career, Medicine researchers published 76512 articles, with a median of 119 articles per researcher (IQ, interquartile range, 77 to 174). Among the 76512 articles, 36584 (47.8%) were indexed in the Web of Science (WoS database). Researchers in Medicine were cited 643159 times in the WoS database, with a median of 754 citations (IQ, 356 to 1447). There were significant differences among the categories of grants concerning the number of citations in WoS (P <0.001). There was a significant difference in the number of times researchers were cited according to the specialty included in Medicine area. (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION. Strategies to improve the scientific output qualitatively possibly can be enhanced by the knowledge of the profile of researchers in the field of Medicine.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção científica de pesquisadores da área de Medicina que recebem bolsa de produtividade do CNPq. MÉTODOS: Os currículos Lattes de 542 pesquisadores com bolsas ativas de 2012 a 2014 foram incluídos na análise. As categorias/níveis das bolsas de produtividade foram estratificadas em três grupos de acordo com a classificação do CNPq (1A-B, 1C-D e 2). RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de bolsas na categoria 2. Durante a carreira acadêmica, pesquisadores da Medicina publicaram 76.512 artigos, com mediana de 119 artigos por pesquisador (Intervalo Interquartil, IQ, 77 a 174). Entre os 76.512 artigos, 36.584 (47,8%) foram indexados no banco de dados da Web of Science (WoS). Pesquisadores em Medicina receberam 643.159 citações no banco de dados de WoS, com uma mediana de 754 citações (IQ, 356 a 1.447). Houve diferenças significativas entre as categorias de bolsas em relação ao número de citações em WoS (P < 0,001). Houve uma diferença significativa no número de citações recebidas pelos pesquisadores de acordo com a especialidade incluída na área de Medicina (P < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Estratégias para melhorar qualitativamente a produção científica possivelmente podem ser aprimoradas pelo conhecimento do perfil dos pesquisadores no campo da Medicina.

A depressão puerperal e a estratégia saúde da família / Puerperal depression and the family health strategy

Objective ­ To identify the risk factors for postpartum depression in the reports of postpartum women who had this disorder, and to compare differences and similarities with the literature. When addressing the postpartum depression is essential to identify women with risk factors, by monitoring during prenatal care, and child care, the current health policy of women adopted by the Ministry of Health includes the nurse as professional able to develop actions in all phases of the female life cycle, the puerperal phase stands out, because in this situation the greatest organic and social changes that a woman can face, altering her state of health and well-being. Methods ­ A qualitative approach to the field of study in which ten women with a diagnosis of postpartum depression were selected by snowball sampling technique following a semi-structured interview form whose responses were analyzed by the Bardin content analysis technique. Results ­ Ten women were interviewed and, based on their responses, the topic emerged: understanding the symptoms and factors that favor postpartum depression. and two categories: Feelings and relationships of women interviewed with their mothers, fathers and their current socio-family context and their connections to postpartum depression. Conclusion ­ Through this study, it was possible to verify the symptoms and risk factors presented by the women, although they are in agreement with the literature, it was verified the necessity of qualitative studies in this area as well as evaluation on the assistance practices given to these patients

Objetivo ­ Identificar os fatores de risco frente à depressão pós-parto por relatos de puérperas que tiveram esse transtorno, e confrontar diferenças e semelhanças com a literatura. Ao se tratar a depressão puerperal é imprescindível identificar as mulheres com fatores de risco, por meio do acompanhamento durante o pré-natal e na puericultura. A atual política de saúde da mulher adotada pelo Ministério da Saúde inclui o enfermeiro como profissional apto para desenvolver ações em todas as fases do ciclo de vida feminino, com foco na fase puerperal, pois nesta estão as maiores alterações orgânicas e sociais que uma mulher pode enfrentar alterando seu estado de saúde e bem-estar. Métodos ­ Estudo de campo de abordagem qualitativa, no qual dez mulheres com diagnóstico médico de depressão pósparto foram selecionadas pela técnica snowball sampling, seguido de uma entrevista com formulário semiestruturado, cujas respostas foram analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados ­ Foram entrevistadas dez mulheres e a partir de suas respostas emergiu o tema: "compreendendo os sintomas e fatores que favorecem a depressão pós-parto", e duas categorias: "Sentimentos" e "Relações das mulheres entrevistadas com suas mães, pais e seu contexto sociofamiliar atual e suas conexões com a depressão pós-parto". Conclusão ­ Por meio deste estudo, foi possível verificar os sintomas e fatores de risco apresentados pelas mulheres, muito embora estejam de acordo com a literatura. Verificou-se também a necessidade de estudos qualitativos nessa área, assim como avaliação sobre práticas assistenciais prestadas a essas pacientes

Incidence of bifid uvula and its relationship to submucous cleft palate and a family history of oral cleft in the Brazilian population / Incidence of bifid uvula and its relationship to submucous cleft palate and a family history of oral cleft in the Brazilian population

Abstract Introduction: Bifid uvula is a frequently observed anomaly in the general population and can be regarded as a marker for submucous cleft palate. Objective: In this study aimed to determine the frequency of bifid uvula and submucous cleft palate and their relationship with oral clefts in a Brazilian population. Methods: We conducted a transversal, descriptive and quantitative study of 1206 children between August 2014 and December 2015. A clinical examination of the children was conducted by means of inspection of the oral cavity with the aid of a tongue depressor and directed light. After the clinical examination in children, parents answered a questionnaire with questions about basic demographic information and their family history of oral clefts in their first-degree relatives. After application of the questionnaires, the information collected was archived in a database and analyzed by the statistical program SPSS® version 19.0, by applying Chi-Square tests. Values with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 1206 children included in this study, 608 (50.40%) were female and 598 (49.60%) were male (p = 0.773). The average age of children was 3.75 years (standard deviation ± 3.78 years). Of the 1206 children studied, 6 (0.5%) presented with bifid uvula. Submucosal cleft palate was not found in any child. When the family histories of children were examined for the presence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate, no first degree relatives presented with the congenital anomaly. Conclusion: This study revealed that the incidence of bifid uvula and submucous cleft palate in this population was quite similar to previously reported incidence rates. Our study suggests an intensification of new reviews, with broader and diverse populations, seeking to associate the occurrence of bifid uvula, submucous cleft palate and oral clefts.

Resumo: Introdução: A úvula bífida é uma anomalia frequentemente observada na população em geral e pode ser considerada como um marcador de fissura palatina submucosa. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de úvula bífida e fissura palatina submucosa e sua relação com fissura orais em uma população brasileira. Método: Realizamos um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo de 1.206 crianças entre agosto de 2014 e dezembro de 2015. O exame clínico das crianças foi realizado por meio da inspeção da cavidade oral com auxílio de um abaixador de língua e luz direcionada. Após o exame clínico nas crianças, os pais responderam a um questionário com perguntas sobre informações demográficas básicas e antecedentes de fendas orais em familiares de primeiro grau. As informações coletadas foram arquivadas em um banco de dados e analisadas pelo programa estatístico SPSS® versão 19.0, aplicando testes de Qui-Quadrado. Os valores com p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Das 1.206 crianças incluídas neste estudo, 608 (50,40%) eram do gênero feminino e 598 (49,60%) do masculino (p = 0,773). A idade média das crianças foi de 3,75 anos (desvio-padrão ± 3,78 anos). Das 1.206 crianças estudadas, seis (0,5%) apresentavam úvula bífida. A fissura palatina submucosa não foi encontrada em nenhuma criança. Quando as histórias familiares de crianças foram examinadas quanto à presença de fissura de lábio e/ou palato não sindrômica, nenhum parente de primeiro grau apresentava esta anomalia congênita. Conclusão: Este estudo revelou que a incidência de úvula bífida e fissura palatina submucosa nesta população é bastante semelhante às taxas de incidência previamente relatadas. Nosso estudo sugere uma intensificação de novas revisões, com populações mais amplas e diversas, buscando associar a ocorrência de úvula bífida, fissura palatina submucosa e fissura orais.

Cessação do tabagismo: revisão dos diferentes métodos / Tobacco cessation: a review of different methods

Objetivos: O artigo revisa os métodos de tratamento atualmente mais indicados para cessação do tabagismo. Métodos: Uma busca nas bases Medline/Pubmed e Lilacs foi realizada com termos referentes a cessação do tabagismo, produtos utilizados para cessar o tabagismo e taxa de abstinência. Foram selecionadas revisões sistemáticas e ensaios clínicos em texto completo, publicados nos últimos 5 anos, em língua inglesa ou portuguesa, tendo como participantes humanos adultos. Após análise foram incluídos 10 artigos para revisão. Resultados: Em relação à terapia comportamental, o emprego de aconselhamento telefônico teve pior desfecho em comparação aos contatos pessoais (p=0.01) e à combinação de ambos (p=0.01). A abordagem proativa favorece a taxa de abstinência (p<0.001). O incentivo financeiro, no entanto, não teve efeitos sobre a taxa de abstinência a longo prazo (p=0.95). Quanto à terapia farmacológica, a bupropiona (OR 1.84) e a vareniclina (OR 2.88), isoladamente, aumentaram a taxa de abstinência comparadas ao placebo, tendo a vareniclina demonstrado resultados superiores (OR 1.57). A Terapia de Reposição Nicotínica combinada com bupropiona ou nortriptilina não resultou em aumento na taxa de abstinência quando comparada à Terapia de Reposição de Nicotina em monoterapia (OR 0.99). A nortriptilina também aumentou a taxa de abstinência, com poucos efeitos adversos (RR 2.03). A associação de bupropiona e vareniclina gerou maior taxa de abstinência em um mês comparada à monoterapia com vareniclina (p=0.029). Não houve diferença significativa entre Terapia de Reposição de Nicotina por goma comparada ao adesivo transdérmico em relação à redução do tabagismo (p>0.05). Conclusões: Diversos medicamentos são eficazes e estão disponíveis para auxílio à cessação do tabagismo. Deve-se avaliar o contexto clínico de cada paciente, ofertando a terapia mais adequada a cada caso. Abordagens proativas e motivacionais, além da facilitação do acesso aos recursos de tratamento também melhoram as taxas de abstinência.

Aims: This article aims to present a review of tobacco cessation methods currently most indicated in order to update health professionals. Methods: It was performed a search in Medline/Pubmed and Lilacs using terms referring to smoking cessation, smoking cessation products and Abstinence Rate. Systematic reviews and clinical trials in full text articles, published in the last five years in English or Portuguese, having human adults as participants, were selected. After analysing adequacy to the subject, 10 articles were included to be reviewed. Results: Regarding to non-pharmacological therapies, telephone counselling showed worse results in comparison to personal therapy (p=0.01) and also comparing to the combination of them (p=0.01). Besides, a proactive approach enhances abstinence rate when compared to usual approach (p<0.001). Cash incentive did not result in a higher abstinences rates in long term when compared to control group (p=0.95). In relation to pharmacological therapy, bupropion (OR 1.84) and varenicline (OR 2.88), separately, increased abstinence rate in comparison to placebo, although varenicline showed superior results (OR 1.57). Nicotine Replacement Therapy in combination with bupropion or nortriptilin did not result in a higher abstinence rate when compared to Nicotine Replacement Therapy as monotherapy (OR 0.99). Nortriptilin enhances abstinence rate, with little adverse events (RR 2.03). Combination of bupropion and varenicline resulted in an increased abstinence rate in one month in comparison to varenicline as single therapy (p=0.029). There was no significant difference between Nicotine Replacement Therapy with nicotine gum and patch in relation to smoking reduction (p>0.05). Conclusions: Many medications were found to be effective and are available for smoking cessation. Clinical context of each patient should be evaluated, offering the most appropriate therapy. Proactive approaches and simplified access to resources also improve abstinence rates.

Differential effects of Zincum metallicum on cell models.

INTRODUCTION: Zinc is an essential trace element necessary for life. Traditional and complementary medicines use zinc-based formulations to treat different classes of diseases. Basic research on homeopathic preparations of zinc are rare and there are a few published clinical cases describing its effects on patients. The use of cell-based models in drug screening is a reliable source of evidence. METHODS: We sought to investigate experimental end-points using cell-based models to determine the effects of dilutions of Zincum metallicum prepared according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and melanoma B16-F10 cell lines were cultured according to standard procedures. Cells were treated with either 5c, 6c or 30c Zincum metallicum and control cells with its respective vehicle (5c, 6c, or 30c Lactose). Macrophage activation by CD54 immunolabeling and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA (2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) were detected by flow cytometry. Phagocytic capacity (endocytic index) was quantified by light microscopy. Features of melanoma cells were analyzed by colorimetric assays to determine melanin content and cell proliferation rate. All obtained data were submitted to normality test followed by statistical analysis. RESULTS: Zincum metallicum 6c shifted high ROS-producing macrophages to a low ROS-producing phenotype. Macrophage CD54 expression was increased by Zincum metallicum 5c. No changes in endocytic index were observed. Melanoma cells were not affected by any treatment we tested. CONCLUSIONS: Differing responses and non-linearity were found on macrophages challenged with Zincum metallicum at high dilutions. No changes in melanoma cells were observed. Customised assays using target cells can be useful to investigate high-dilution effects. Other cell types and conditions should be explored.

Caracterização de protocolos de pesquisa: um estudo na Paraíba, Brasil / Characterization of research protocols: a study in Paraíba, Brazil / Caracterización de los protocolos de investigación: un estudio en Paraíba, Brasil

O artigo apresenta a caracterização da totalidade dos protocolos de pesquisa apreciados pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Instituto Federal da Paraíba (CEP/IFPB), desde sua fundação, em 2008, até 2014. Trata-se de estudo descritivo e documental, na modalidade estudo de caso. Dos 228 protocolos apreciados, 82,02% foram aprovados. As áreas de conhecimento predominantes foram ciências humanas (21,05%) e ciências sociais aplicadas (21,05%), e o campus de João Pessoa, do IFPB, foi o que teve o maior número de protocolos apreciados (35,52%). Os pesquisadores responsáveis pelos protocolos de pesquisa eram, majoritariamente, professores (86,84%), e 52,63% possuíam titulação de mestre, com incidência predominante de um protocolo por pesquisador. Concluiu-se que, ao apreciar a eticidade dos protocolos submetidos, o CEP/IFPB fomenta a reflexão ética nas pesquisas científicas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de estudos norteados por padrões éticos e para maior proteção ao participante da pesquisa.

This article provides a description of all the research protocols evaluated by the Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Federal da Paraíba (the Federal Institute of Paraíba) (CEP/IFPB), from its foundation in 2008 until 2014. A descriptive and documental case study type review was performed. Of 228 protocols considered, 82.02% were approved. The predominant areas of knowledge were Human Sciences (21.05%) and Social Sciences (21.05%). The IFPB Campus in Joao Pessoa (35.52%) approved the most protocols. The researchers responsible for the research protocols were predominantly professors (86.84%) and the majority had post-graduate qualifications (52.63%), with a rate of one protocol per researcher predominating. It was concluded that in assessing the ethics of the protocols submitted, the CEP/IFPB has been acting in the interests of ethical reflection in scientific research, contributing to the development of studies guided by ethical standards and by the need to provide more protection to research participants.

El artículo presenta la caracterización de la totalidad de los protocolos de investigación examinados por el Comité de Ética en investigación del Instituto Federal de Paraíba (CEP/IFPB), desde su fundación, en el año 2008, hasta el 2014. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y documental, en la modalidad de estudio de caso. De los 228 protocolos examinados, 82,02% se aprobaron. Las áreas de conocimientos predominantes fueron las Ciencias Humanas (21,05%) y las Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas (21,05%). El campus de IFPB con el mayor número de protocolos evaluados fue el de João Pessoa (35,52%). Los investigadores encargados de los protocolos de investigación fueron, predominantemente, profesores (86,84%) y poseían, en su mayoría, título de maestría (52,63%), con incidencia, principalmente, de un protocolo por investigador. Se concluye que, al examinar la eticidad de los protocolos sometidos, el CEP/IFPB fomenta la reflexión ética en los estudios científicos, contribuyendo al desarrollo de trabajos orientados por patrones éticos y tendiendo a una mayor protección al participante de la investigación.

Perfil de trabalhadores de enfermagem acompanhados por equipe multiprofissional de saúde mental / Profile of nursing professionals assisted by a multidisciplinary mental health team / Perfil de trabajadores de enfermería acompañados por grupo de atención al paciente en salud mental

Objetivou-se identificar o perfil de trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma universidade federal acompanhados pela equipe multiprofissional de saúde mental. Estudo quantitativo, com 385 prontuários de trabalhadores atendidos no serviço médico da universidade pela equipe de saúde mental entre julho de 2009 e dezembro de 2010. Foram calculadas as médias, qui-quadrado e nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Observou-se que trabalhadores de enfermagem possuíam em média menor idade (47,5±9,7), mais afastamentos (5,15±3,29) e permaneciam mais dias afastados (191,8±168,5) em comparação aos de outras categorias, respectivamente (53,7±12,7), (2,18±2,8) e (138±163). A maioria possuía diagnóstico de transtornos afetivo e de humor (65%) e indicação médica para uso de medicação controlada (96,8%), diferença estatisticamente significante em relação aos demais. Apesar de mais jovens, trabalhadores de enfermagem afastaram-se por mais tempo, em maior frequência e apresentaram mais problemas de saúde mental.

The present study aims at investigating the profile of nursing professionals assisted by the multidisciplinary mental health team. This is a quantitative study with 385 records of workers who were attended the university medical service by a team of mental health from July 2009 to December 2010, the averages were calculated using the chi-square test and with level of significance of 5% (p<0.05). It was observed that nursing professionals had, in the average, lower age (47.5±9.7), more absences (5.15±3.29) and were more days away from work (191.8±168.5) compared to other categories, respectively (53.7±12.7), (2.18±2.8) and (138±163). The majority was diagnosed with affective and mood disorders (65%) and they were prescribed controlled medicine (96.8%), the differences were statistically significant in relation to other professionals. Although younger, the nursing staff stayed away longer, more frequently and had more mental health problems.

El objetivo fue investigar el perfil de trabajadores de enfermería de una universidad federal acompañados por grupo deatención al paciente en salud mental. Estudio cuantitativo, con 385 registros médicos de trabajadores atendidos en el serviciomédico de la universidad por el equipo de salud mental, entre julio de 2009 y diciembre de 2010. Fueron calculados lasmedias, Chi-cuadrado y el nivel de significancia de 5% (p<0,05). Se observó que trabajadores de enfermería tenían en mediamenor de edad (47,5±9,7), más alejamientos (5,15±3,29) y permanecían más días alejados (191,8±168,5) en comparacióna las otras categorías, respectivamente (53,7±12,7), (2,18±2,8) y (138±163). La mayoría tenían diagnóstico de trastornos afectivo y de humor (65%) e indicación médica para uso de medicación controlada (96,8%), diferencia estadísticamente significantes en relación a los otros profesionales. Aunque muy jóvenes, trabajadores de enfermería se alejaron por mástiempo, con mayor frecuencia y presentaron más problemas de salud mental.